This paper aims to synthetically present an updated vision of the problem of territorial inequalities in Latin America. In its preparation have been used figures and recent documents, as well as others published a few years ago. In addition to study the population and product concentration within countries, with the corresponding differences between their provinces, states or regions, four specific countries are more detaily studied to show what types of territorial policies have been implemented in recent years. An added value of this article is that it provides a broad bibliography, both of the works quoted in the text, but as well other reports articles and webs that will allow the interested reader to broaden the topics covered.