The objective of this research is to determine the effect of land fragmentation on agricultural productivity in Peru. Threshold regression estimation using a sample of 34,056 agricultural holdings from the 2024 National Agricultural Survey indicates that the relationship between fragmentation and productivity follows a U-shaped pattern, with a turning point at a Januszewski Index (JI) value of 0.84. Below this threshold, a 0.01 increase in the JI reduces productivity by 0.914%; above it, productivity increases by 5.070%. These findings contribute to a better understanding of Peru’s agricultural territory.